Chapter 2
The pass Wednesday,We have learned about the Internet, the Web and Electronic Commerce. With our lecturer permission we are allow to choose a topic in this chapter to discuss. This will make our blog more interesting.
During the class our lecturer share the history of the web browser and this do catch our eye and we decided to do topic of Browser.
So before we go deeper into the Web Browser, let us introduce the Internet and the Web. It is easy to get the Internet and the Web confused but they are not the same thing.
The Internet
-Launched in 1969 when United States funded a project that developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET).
-Is the actual network.
-It consists of the actual physical network made up by wires, cables and satellites.
-Being connected to this network is often described as being online.
-The Internet connects millions of computers and resources throughout the world
The Web
-Introduced in 1991 at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland.
-Provides a multimedia interface to Internet resources.
The most common uses of Internet and Web are :
- Communicating – the most popular Internet activity. You can changing email, join and listening to discussion or debates almost everywhere.
- Shopping – one of the fast growing Internet applications. You can window shop, look for the latest fashions, search for bargains and make purchases.
- Searching – access libraries, information, local national and international news directly from your home computer with conveniently.
- Entertainment – Can get a lot of entertainment such as music, book, movies, magazines and computer game.
- Education – or e-learning is another rapidly emerging Web application. You can take classes on almost every subject.
The most common way to access the Internet is through an Internet services provider (ISP). While the most widely used commercial Internet service providers are national and wireless providers.
- National service providers – Provide access through standard telephone or cable connections. Users can access almost anywhere within the country for a standard fee without incurring a long distance telephone charges.
- Wireless service providers – offers Internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices.
Users connect to ISPs using one of a variety of connections technologies including DSL, cable and wireless modems.
Browser
- Programs that provide access to Web resources.
-This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images, and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents.
-Browser allows us to explore or to surf the Web easily moving from one Web site to another.
History
- Dates back in to the late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first Web browser, WorldWideWeb, by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991.
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-That browser brought together a variety of existing and new software and hardware technologies.
- Ted Nelson and Douglas Engelbart developed the concept of hypertext long before Berners-Lee and CERN.
- The introduction of the NCSA Mosaic Web browser in 1993 – one of the first graphical Web browsers – led to an explosion in Web use.
- Marc Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at NCSA, soon started his own company, named Netscape.
-Released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which quickly became the world's most popular browser, accounting for 90% of all Web use at its peak.
-Microsoft responded with its browser Internet Explorer in 1995 (also heavily influenced by Mosaic), initiating the industry's first browser war.
-By bundling Internet Explorer with Windows, Microsoft was able to leverage its dominance in the operating system market to take over the Web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.
-The usage share of Internet Explorer has declined and Opera first appeared in 1996.
-It has a substantial share of the fast-growing mobile phone Web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones.
-It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console.
-In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model.
-That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development.
-Shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7.4% of browser use.
-The Firefox usage share has slowly declined in 2010, from 24.4% in January to 22.8% in December.
-Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003.
-It has a dominant share of Apple-based Web browsing, having risen from 4.5% usage share in January 2010 to 5.9% in December 2010.
-Its rendering engine, called WebKit, is also running in the standard browsers of several mobile phone platforms, including Apple iOS, Google Android, Nokia S60 and Palm webOS.
-The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Google's WebKit-based Chrome, first released in September 2008.
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-Its market share has quickly risen; its usage share has nearly doubled from 5.2% in January 2010 to 10.0% in December 2010, and appears to be gaining further in the coming months.
Deeper Introduction
-An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URL) which has at least two basic parts.
- The first part presents the protocols (http) which are rules for exchanging data between the computers used to connect to the resources.
- The second part presents the domain name which indicates the specific address where the resources are located.
- The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the top-level domain （TLD）. It identifies the type of organization site.
-Once the browser is connected to website, a document file is sent back our computer.
-This document typically contains Hypertext Mark Language (HTML).
-The browser interprets the HTML formatting instructions and displays the document as Web page.
-This page presents information about the site along with the references and hyperlinks or links that connected to other documents containing related information – flies, graphic images, audio and video clips.
-Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to easily navigate their browsers to related resources.
-Most browsers have plug-ins to support Flash applications and Java applets.
-Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk.
-Interactivity in a web page can also be supplied by JavaScript, which usually does not require a plugin.
-JavaScript can be used along with other technologies to allow "live" interaction with the web page's server via Ajax.
Features
-Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols.
- Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".
-All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window.
-Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent.
-Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them.
-Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer.
-In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregated.
-In Mozilla Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed.
-In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed.
-Furthermore, most browsers can be extended via plug-ins, down-loadable components that provide additional features.
References from
1. Computing Essentials Complete 2010 by Timothy J.O'Leary and Linda I.O'Leary from McGRAW Hill.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser
References from
1. Computing Essentials Complete 2010 by Timothy J.O'Leary and Linda I.O'Leary from McGRAW Hill.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser
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