Difference between a TPS and MIS

TPS is an acronym describing Transaction Processing Systems. TPS systems are  exactly what the name implies - a system that processes transactions that occur within an organization or business. TPS systems tend to perform routine operations and serve as a foundation for other systems. Transactions are business operations such as customer orders, purchase orders, receipts, time cards, invoices, payroll checks and, yes, college registrations.

A Transaction Processing System can consist of :-

- Data Collection eg getting registration papers.

- Data Editing eg making the paper ready for input to the system.

- Data Correction eg sorting out incorrect dates of birth, postal codes etc.

- Data Manipulation eg assigning students to courses, car parking, halls of residence etc

- Data Storage eg where the data is physically located on disks/tapes etc.

- Document Production eg hard copy of registration forms, ID cards etc.

Here are some examples of TPS systems

- Sales/marketing systems for market research, pricing, promotion, new product introduction.

- Manufacturing/production systems for scheduling, purchasing, shipping/receiving, engineering, operations.

- Human resources systems for personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training.

- Industry specialized systems such as university registration, freight shipping and rates, property management and renting etc.

So you can see that a TPS covers a wide variety of both manual and automated tasks, in support of an overall process or business.

MIS is an acronym for Management Information System, which is a system that provides periodic and predetermined reports that summarize information. It is usually attached, and part of, a bigger Transaction Processing system, and exists to give  Management reports of activity eg an MIS attached to a larger Student Registration system might give reports on numbers of students registering, amounts of course fees defaulted etc , -- information that the college would require to make management

decisions.

So MIS supports the management level by providing routine summary reports and exception reports (e.g.  Which students were here in the Fall who did not choose to return in the Spring?) and MIS differs from TPS in that MIS deals with summarized and compressed data from the TPS.

(You might come across the term DSS. This stands for Decision Support Systems Typically, they provide the ability to do "what if" analysis. DSS uses the data from MIS, but is more a "right now" analysis than the long-term structured analysis of MIS.)

And to answer your last question, you can see from the above that a college registration system is an example of a TPS.

Reference from:

http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/77598.html

Lower level of Management

Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management.

Their activities include –

- Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.

-They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.

-They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.

-They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.

-They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.

-They help to solve the grievances of the workers.

-They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.

-They are responsible for providing training to the workers.

-They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.

-They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.

-They ensure discipline in the enterprise.

-They motivate workers.

-They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.

Reference from:

http://www.managementstudyguide.com/management_levels.htm

Middle level Management

The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management.

Their role can be emphasized as –

-They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.

-They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.

-They participate in employment & training of lower level management.

-They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower

level.

-They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.

-It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.

-They evaluate performance of junior managers.

-They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance. 

Reference from:

http://www.managementstudyguide.com/management_levels.htm

Top level of Management

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.

The role of the top management can be summarized as follows -

-Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.

-It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.

-It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.

-It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.

- It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.

-It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.

-It provides guidance and direction.

-The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise. 

Reference from:

http://www.managementstudyguide.com/management_levels.htm

Levels of Management

     

The term “Levels of Management’ refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The number of levels in management increases when the size of the business and work force increases and vice versa. The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any managerial position. The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories: -

    Top level / Administrative level

    Middle level / Executory

    Low level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers

Managers at all these levels perform different functions. 

Reference from:

http://www.managementstudyguide.com/management_levels.htm