Future of Information Technology

Today, information technology is a highly important aspect

Without information technology many medical facilities and corporations would find it difficult to keep information stored securely

Computers allow users to communicate with many people at once or in far away places. It stands to reason that will the development of better technology yearly, computers will play a vital role in the ongoing support of information technology in the future

Computers allow users now to do many thing such as writing much faster than a traditional typewriter or pen and paper would do

Make it very possible to keep track of people, conduct business globally much easier than before and organize and store multiple files

Make education possible from remote locations and provide communication that far outreaches what a traditional telephone could ever do

The human brain is far more advanced than a typical home computer

The future of information technology may very well involve using computer to enhance the human brain. Common computers are expected to possess the same or nearly the same capabilities as the human brain in the future

It may be very likely that will be able to have a computer that will possess the ability to feel emotions and have spiritual experiences in another 25 years or so. This prediction will be met with skepticism as all others have been in the past

Scientific technology can produce a computer that is capable of human emotion is so far-fetched that many simply will have to see it to believe it

Medical science has come a long way since the turn of the twentieth century. Many things have come into plays that were never believed to be possible. The world may not ever see a computer that will retain memory of an individual’s life, but then it may

The computers in question will have the ability to hold images, videos and anything else that the memory retains within the human brain. Information will be kept forever, which will make it much easier to conduct personal and professional business

Those who acquire Alzheimer’s Disease will have the ability to retain their memories and their personal life information in spite of the disease that typically takes all that away

Reference:

http://www.technologyawards.org/future_technology/Future_of_Information_Technology.html

Fifth-generation programming language

A fifth-generation programming language (abbreviated 5GL) is a programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer

Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some declarative languages are fifth-generation languages

While fourth-generation programming languages are designed to build specific programs, fifth-generation languages are designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer

Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in artificial intelligence research. Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury are examples of fifth-generation languages

These types of languages were also built upon Lisp, many originating on the Lisp machine, such as ICAD. Then, there are many frame languages, such as KL-ONE

In the 1990s, fifth-generation languages were considered to be the wave of the future, and some predicted that they would replace all other languages for system development, with the exception of low-level languages

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth-generation_programming_language

Fourth-generation programming language

 

A fourth-generation programming language (1970s-1990) (abbreviated 4GL) is a programming language or programming environment designed with a specific purpose in mind, such as the development of commercial business software

In the history of computer science, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend toward higher abstraction and statement power

The 4GL was followed by efforts to define and use a 5GL

The natural-language, block-structured mode of the third-generation programming languages improved the process of software development

3GL development methods can be slow and error-prone. It became clear that some applications could be developed more rapidly by adding a higher-level programming language and methodology which would generate the equivalent of very complicated 3GL instructions with fewer errors

In some senses, software engineering arose to handle 3GL development

4GL and 5GL projects are more oriented toward problem solving and systems engineering

All 4GLs are designed to reduce programming effort, the time it takes to develop software, and the cost of software development. They are not always successful in this task, sometimes resulting in inelegant and unmaintainable code

Given the right problem, the use of an appropriate 4GL can be spectacularly successful as was seen with MARK-IV and MAPPER (see History Section, Santa Fe real-time tracking of their freight cars – the productivity gains were estimated to be 8 times over COBOL)

The usability improvements obtained by some 4GLs (and their environment) allowed better exploration for heuristic solutions than did the 3GL

Fourth-generation languages have often been compared to domain-specific programming languages (DSLs). Some researchers state that 4GLs are a subset of DSLs

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth-generation_programming_language

Third-generation programming language

A third-generation programming language (3GL) is a refinement of a second-generation programming language

The second generation of programming languages brought logical structure to software. The third generation brought refinements to make the languages more programmer-friendly. This includes features like improved support for aggregate data types, and expressing concepts in a way that favours the programmer, not the computer (e.g. no longer needing to state the length of multi-character (string) literals in FORTRAN)

A third generation language improves over a second generation language by having the computer take care of non-essential details, not the programmer. High level language is a synonym for third-generation programming language

First introduced in the late 1950s, FORTRAN, ALGOL, and COBOL are early examples of this sort of language

Most popular general-purpose languages today, such as C, C++, C#, Java and Delphi, are also third-generation languages

Most 3GLs support structured programming

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_programming_language

Second-generation programming language

Generational way to categorize assembly languages. The term was coined to provide a distinction from higher level third-generation programming languages (3GL) such as COBOL and earlier machine code languages

Second-generation programming languages have the following properties:

- The code can be read and written by a programmer. To run on a computer it must be converted into a machine readable form, a process called assembly.

- The language is specific to a particular processor family and environment.

Sometimes used in kernels and device drivers (though C is generally employed for this in modern kernels), but more often find use in extremely intensive processing such as games, video editing, graphic manipulation/rendering

One method for creating such code is by allowing a compiler to generate a machine-optimized assembly language version of a particular function. This code is then hand-tuned, gaining both the brute-force insight of the machine optimizing algorithm and the intuitive abilities of the human optimizer

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-generation_programming_language

First-generation programming language

A first-generation programming language is a machine-level programming language

No translator was used to compile or assemble the first-generation language

Instructions were entered through the front panel switches of the computer system

Main benefit of programming is the code a user writes can run very fast and efficiently, since it is directly executed by the CPU

A lot more difficult to learn than higher generational programming languages, and it is far more difficult to edit if errors occur

If instructions need to be added into memory at some location, then all the instructions after the insertion point need to be moved down to make room in memory to accommodate the new instructions

Portability is significantly reduced - in order to transfer code to a different computer it needs to be completely rewritten since the machine language for one computer could be significantly different from another computer

Architectural considerations make portability difficult too

For example, the number of registers on one CPU architecture could differ from those of another

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-generation_programming_language

iPhone programming

However, programming on iphone still need a Macbook.
N I gt saw other video programming on iphone using a software called X-code.
Hope i would afford to buy apple one days~

Citation : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzDpJCjc-tg&feature=relmfu